{"id":158772,"date":"2024-06-23T18:59:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-23T16:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.savoirnews.tg\/?p=158772"},"modified":"2024-06-23T18:59:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-23T16:59:29","slug":"le-renforcement-des-ports-maritimes-un-enjeu-crucial-face-aux-perturbations-des-chaines-dapprovisionnement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/?p=158772","title":{"rendered":"Le renforcement des ports maritimes : Un enjeu crucial face aux perturbations des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/celawhat.fr\/\">celawhat<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/apiculture-haut-bugey.com\/\">apiculture-haut-bugey.com<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; 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left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/amenagerie.fr\/\">amenagerie<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/cfdtdivia.net\/\">cfdtdivia<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clicinformatique62.fr\/\">clicinformatique62<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/phayrostudios.com\/\">studios<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tendeserramenti.it\/\">tendeserra<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/levelvet.fr\/\">levelvett<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/agencetilt.org\/\">agencetil<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moncredit.info\/\">moncreditinfo<\/a><\/p><\/div><div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buben-homes.cz\/\">bubenhomes<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imaginez qu\u2019en faisant vos courses dans votre supermarch\u00e9 habituel, vous vous retrouviez face \u00e0 des prix exorbitants, quand les rayons ne sont pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 vides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce sc\u00e9nario n\u2019est pas aussi improbable qu\u2019on pourrait le penser. Invisibles aux yeux du consommateur ordinaire, les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement mondiales \u0153uvrent 7 jours sur 7, 24 heures sur 24 pour garantir la disponibilit\u00e9 de produits \u00e0 des prix abordables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or ces cha\u00eenes logistiques sont plus fragiles qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet, et plusieurs \u00e9v\u00e8nements r\u00e9cents ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 du commerce international. La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19, d&#8217;abord, qui a gravement perturb\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations maritimes, provoquant des retards et des goulets d&#8217;\u00e9tranglement qui se sont propag\u00e9s \u00e0 la faveur de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement mondialis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie, ensuite, qui a consid\u00e9rablement affect\u00e9 l\u2019offre alimentaire mondiale, avec pour cons\u00e9quences un rench\u00e9rissement des denr\u00e9es, une r\u00e9duction des exportations de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et une aggravation de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne, o\u00f9 les co\u00fbts de transport peuvent repr\u00e9senter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 50 % des prix des aliments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enfin, plus r\u00e9cemment, les attaques perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es contre des navires dans le golfe d\u2019Aden ont perturb\u00e9 des routes commerciales strat\u00e9giques, entra\u00eenant une augmentation des co\u00fbts et des d\u00e9lais d\u2019exp\u00e9dition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019impact ne s&#8217;arr\u00eate pas aux rayons alimentaires des supermarch\u00e9s : les perturbations des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement peuvent toucher tous les produits &#8211; des biens de consommation aux \u00e9quipements industriels en passant par les appareils \u00e9lectroniques, les v\u00e9hicules automobiles ou les fournitures m\u00e9dicales &#8211; et survenir sans pr\u00e9venir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les ruptures de stocks, les inefficacit\u00e9s op\u00e9rationnelles, les retards de production et les hausses de co\u00fbts qui en r\u00e9sultent peuvent avoir des effets d\u00e9vastateurs sur les \u00e9conomies, en particulier dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"779\" src=\"https:\/\/www.savoirnews.tg\/infos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports-1024x779.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-158773\" srcset=\"https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports-1024x779.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/savoirnewstg-ovh.golive.africa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Ports.jpg 1027w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les ports \u00e0 conteneurs \u00e0 la rescousse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nul ne sait quelles menaces surgiront demain. Ce que l\u2019on sait, en revanche, c&#8217;est que les ports \u00e0 conteneurs peuvent contribuer \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9changes contre des perturbations impr\u00e9visibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce sont des infrastructures commerciales vitales, en particulier pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plus de 80 % du commerce international s\u2019effectue par voie maritime, dont une part importante par conteneurs. L&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des terminaux \u00e0 conteneurs portuaires r\u00e9duit les co\u00fbts et les d\u00e9lais associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019importation et \u00e0 l\u2019exportation de marchandises, ce qui accro\u00eet la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des produits export\u00e9s et fait baisser les prix de ceux import\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plus un port est performant, plus il permettra d\u2019attirer des investissements \u00e9trangers, de soutenir les activit\u00e9s locales, de cr\u00e9er des emplois et d\u2019augmenter les niveaux de revenus, favorisant ainsi un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici de quelle mani\u00e8re les ports \u00e0 conteneurs peuvent prot\u00e9ger le commerce mondial contre des perturbations impr\u00e9vues :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Les investissements dans la capacit\u00e9 des installations portuaires permettent de traiter des volumes de marchandises plus importants et d\u2019assurer des op\u00e9rations plus fluides et plus rapides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-L\u2019adoption de technologies num\u00e9riques avanc\u00e9es permet de rationaliser les processus, de r\u00e9duire la paperasserie et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9change de donn\u00e9es, ce qui accro\u00eet l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations et att\u00e9nue l\u2019impact des perturbations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-L\u2019\u00e9tablissement de liaisons avec les r\u00e9seaux de transport terrestre (chemins de fer, routes, voies navigables) assure la circulation fluide des marchandises des ports \u00e0 leur destination finale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-La collaboration avec les parties prenantes, et notamment les compagnies maritimes et les organismes de r\u00e9glementation, permet de mieux g\u00e9rer les perturbations et d&#8217;assurer la continuit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations portuaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Les investissements dans des infrastructures vertes et le respect des r\u00e9glementations environnementales peuvent att\u00e9nuer les effets du changement climatique sur les installations portuaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience des ports n\u00e9cessite toutefois des donn\u00e9es fiables et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. S\u2019ils disposent d\u2019indicateurs de performance pr\u00e9cis, les pouvoirs publics et les autres parties prenantes sont mieux en mesure de cerner les inefficacit\u00e9s existantes et de cibler les domaines \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec des donn\u00e9es de qualit\u00e9, il est possible de prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es et de mettre en \u0153uvre des interventions strat\u00e9giques qui renforcent effectivement la r\u00e9silience et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des ports. Une telle approche garantit que les investissements dans les infrastructures, les technologies et les processus sont bien dirig\u00e9s l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils sont le plus n\u00e9cessaires, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le commerce mondial contre des risques de d\u00e9sorganisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019indice de performance des ports \u00e0 conteneurs<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis 2020, la Banque mondiale et S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence (a) publient l\u2019indice de performance des ports \u00e0 conteneurs (a) (ou CPPI selon son acronyme en anglais).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cet indice, qui mesure et classe la performance de plus de 400 ports dans le monde entier, aide les parties prenantes \u00e0 identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des installations portuaires. Il repose notamment sur des indicateurs de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations, comme le temps de rotation des navires et la vitesse de manutention des marchandises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019indice \u00e9value \u00e9galement la qualit\u00e9 des infrastructures, \u00e0 l\u2019aune notamment du tirant d\u2019eau, de la capacit\u00e9 des quais et des installations de transbordement. Les connexions avec les r\u00e9seaux de transport terrestre, le rapport co\u00fbt-efficacit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 des services portuaires, le recours \u00e0 des technologies num\u00e9riques avanc\u00e9es et l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des formalit\u00e9s douani\u00e8res constituent \u00e9galement des facteurs essentiels pour le calcul de l\u2019indice CPPI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Renforcer la r\u00e9silience gr\u00e2ce au CPPI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En se concentrant sur ces indicateurs, les pouvoirs publics et l\u2019ensemble des parties prenantes peuvent prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les performances portuaires, au service de la croissance \u00e9conomique et de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019indice CPPI peut \u00e9galement aider les pouvoirs publics \u00e0 renforcer la r\u00e9silience des ports et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger ainsi les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement mondiales contre des perturbations impr\u00e9vues. Ces donn\u00e9es sont particuli\u00e8rement utiles pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-Cerner les d\u00e9ficits de performance<\/strong> : L\u2019indice CPPI aide les parties prenantes \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence les domaines peu performants dans le fonctionnement d\u2019un port. Cette analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9e permet des interventions cibl\u00e9es pour rem\u00e9dier aux inefficacit\u00e9s, r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9lais et optimiser les op\u00e9rations. En mettant en lumi\u00e8re les ports les plus performants, l\u2019indice facilite l\u2019adoption des meilleures pratiques et promeut ainsi des solutions innovantes et des normes sectorielles susceptibles d\u2019am\u00e9liorer consid\u00e9rablement les performances des ports \u00e0 conteneurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-\u00c9tayer les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019investissement<\/strong> : L\u2019indice CPPI fournit aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques et aux investisseurs une base de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de laquelle prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures et d\u2019allocation des ressources. En mettant en \u00e9vidence les ports qui se distinguent et les raisons de leurs performances, il permet aux parties prenantes de prioriser des investissements dans les domaines qui produiront les meilleurs r\u00e9sultats en termes de gains d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et d\u2019impact \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-Favoriser la collaboration et l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques publiques<\/strong> : L\u2019indice CPPI favorise une plus grande collaboration entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs impliqu\u00e9s dans les op\u00e9rations portuaires. En fournissant un ensemble d\u2019indicateurs de performance de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, il facilite les discussions et les partenariats entre autorit\u00e9s portuaires, compagnies maritimes, organismes de r\u00e9glementation et autres entit\u00e9s. Cette approche collaborative est essentielle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de politiques et de strat\u00e9gies coh\u00e9rentes qui permettent de r\u00e9soudre des difficult\u00e9s syst\u00e9miques et favorisent le d\u00e9veloppement durable des ports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-Impulser une transformation num\u00e9rique<\/strong> : La num\u00e9risation est un facteur cl\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des infrastructures portuaires, et l\u2019indice CPPI souligne l\u2019importance d&#8217;exploiter les nouvelles technologies pour am\u00e9liorer leur fonctionnement. En mettant en lumi\u00e8re les ports qui ont mis en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s des solutions num\u00e9riques, il en encourage d\u2019autres \u00e0 faire leur mue digitale. Cette transition vers la num\u00e9risation permet de simplifier les processus, d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la fiabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation, avec \u00e0 la cl\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations portuaires plus efficaces et r\u00e9silientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les ports \u00e0 conteneurs sont indispensables \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement mondiales, en particulier dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement o\u00f9 ils sont un moteur de croissance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En investissant dans l\u2019infrastructure et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 portuaires et en contr\u00f4lant de pr\u00e8s leurs performances gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des indicateurs cl\u00e9s comme ceux fournis par l\u2019indice CPPI, les pays peuvent tirer pleinement parti du potentiel de leurs ports et prot\u00e9ger leurs cha\u00eenes logistiques contre de futures perturbations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette approche permettra non seulement de renforcer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 internationale des ports, mais aussi de garantir la bonne circulation des marchandises, en assurant ainsi la continuit\u00e9 des approvisionnements et la stabilit\u00e9 des prix m\u00eame en p\u00e9riode d\u2019incertitude mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Richard Martin Humphreys (Source&nbsp;: Banque mondiale)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><div style=\"position: absolute; 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